10G network transformer
Time:2022-09-02
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10G Ethernet was adopted at IEEE in July 2002. 10G Ethernet includes 10GBASE-X, 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-W. 10GBASE-X uses a very compact package containing 1 simpler WDM device, 4 receivers and 4 lasers operating at approximately 25nm intervals around the 1300nm wavelength, each transmitter/receiver pair at 3.125Gbit /s speed (data stream speed is 2.5Gbit/s). 10GBASE-R is a serial interface using 64B/66B encoding (not 8B/10B as used in Gigabit Ethernet) with a data stream of 10.000Gbit/s, resulting in a clock rate of 10.3Gbit/s. 10GBASE-W is a wide area network interface, compatible with SONET OC-192, with a c10G Ethernet is still a type of Ethernet.
10G Ethernet was adopted at IEEE in July 2002. 10G Ethernet includes 10GBASE-X, 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-W. 10GBASE-X uses a very compact package containing 1 simpler WDM device, 4 receivers and 4 lasers operating at approximately 25nm intervals around the 1300nm wavelength, each transmitter/receiver pair at 3.125Gbit /s speed (data stream speed is 2.5Gbit/s). 10GBASE-R is a serial interface using 64B/66B encoding (not 8B/10B as used in Gigabit Ethernet) with a data stream of 10.000Gbit/s, resulting in a clock rate of 10.3Gbit/s. 10GBASE-W is a wide area network interface, compatible with SONET OC-192, with a clock of 9.953Gbit/s and a data stream of 9.585Gbit/s.
1. 10G serial physical media layer
10GBASE-SR/SW transmission distance varies from 2m to 300m according to wavelength. 10GBASE-LR/LW transmission distance is 2m to 10km. 10GBASE-ER/EW transmission distance is 2m to 40km.
2. PMD (Physical Medium Dependent) sublayer
The function of the PMD sublayer is to support the exchange of serialized symbol code bits between the PMA sublayer and the medium. The PMD sublayer converts these electrical signals into a form suitable for transmission over a particular medium. PMD is the lowest sublayer of the physical layer, and the standard specifies that the physical layer is responsible for sending and receiving signals from the medium.
3. PMA (Physical Medium Access) sublayer
The PMA sublayer provides the serialization service interface between the PCS and PMD layers. The connection to the PCS sublayer is called the PMA service interface. In addition, the PMA sublayer also separates the symbol timing clock used for correct symbol alignment (delimitation) of the received data from the received bit stream.
4. WIS (Wide Area Network Interface) sublayer
The WIS sublayer is an optional physical sublayer that can be used between the PMA and the PCS to generate Ethernet data streams that adapt to the SONET STS-192c transport format defined by ANSI or the rate of the SDH VC-4-64c container defined by ITU. This rate data stream can be directly mapped to the transport layer without the need for higher layer processing.
5. PCS (Physical Coding) Sublayer
The PCS sublayer is located between the Coordination sublayer (via GMII) and the Physical Medium Access (PMA) sublayer. The PCS sublayer completes the mapping of the well-defined Ethernet MAC functions to the functions of the existing coding and physical layer signaling systems. The interface between the PCS sublayer and the upper-layer RS/MAC is provided by XGMII, and the PMA service interface is used with the lower-layer PMA interface.
6. RS (coordination sublayer) and XGMII (10Gbit/s medium independent interface)
The function of the coordination sublayer is to map the XGMII channel data and related control signals to the original PLS service interface definition (MAC/PLS) interface. The XGMII interface provides a logical interface between the 10Gbit/s MAC and the physical layer. The XGMII and coordination sublayers allow the MAC to connect to different types of physical media.
Since 10G Ethernet is essentially high-speed Ethernet, in order to be compatible with traditional Ethernet, the frame format of traditional Ethernet must be used to carry services. In order to achieve a high rate of 10Gbit/s, the OC-192c frame format can be used for transmission. This needs to realize the mapping function from the Ethernet frame to the OC-192c frame format at the physical sublayer. At the same time, because the original design of the Ethernet is oriented to the local area network, the network management function is weak, the transmission distance is short, and its physical lines do not have any protection measures. When Ethernet is used as a wide area network for long-distance and high-speed transmission, it will inevitably lead to large jitter in the frequency and phase of line signals. Moreover, the transmission of Ethernet is asynchronous, and it is difficult to achieve signal synchronization at the receiving end. Therefore, if the Ethernet frame is to be transmitted in the WAN, the Ethernet frame format needs to be modified.lock of 9.953Gbit/s and a data stream of 9.585Gbit/s.
